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Optimum liver function depends on adequate bile flow and healthy enzyme systems. This supplement provides a well-balanced combination of nutrients such as vitamin B12, lipotropic factors such as methionine and choline, which may provide support for normal fat metabolism; and herbal extracts such as celandine, fringe tree, and barberry, which support overall liver function.
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Ingredients of Liv-A-Tox |
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| Supplement
Facts |
Serving Size: 3 Tablets |
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| Ingredients |
Amount |
%DV |
| Vitamin A (as retinyl acetate) |
4,500 IU |
90 % |
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid and from rose hips) |
25 mg |
42 % |
| Niacin (as niacin and niacinamide) |
40 mg |
200 % |
| Vitamin B12 (as cyanocobalamin) |
3 mcg |
50 % |
| Biotin |
200 mcg |
67 % |
| Sodium |
5 mg |
<1 % |
| Choline Bitartrate |
850 mg |
† |
| Beet (Beta vulgaris) Root |
300 mg |
† |
| L-Methionine |
250 mg |
† |
| Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) Bark of Root Extract 6:1 |
150 mg |
† |
| Boldo (Peumus boldus) Leaf Extract 2:1 |
150 mg |
† |
| Celandine (Chelidonium majus) Aerial Part |
135 mg |
† |
| Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus) Bark |
135 mg |
† |
| Ox Bile Extract |
90 mg |
† |
| Betaine HCl |
75 mg |
† |
| Inositol |
50 mg |
† |
| Liver (desiccated) |
40 mg |
† |
Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis)
Seed Oil standardized to contain 4.5% gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) |
30 mg |
† |
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| Other
Ingredients: cellulose, modified cellulose gum, modified cellulose, magnesium stearate, lecithin, and carnauba wax. |
Contains No: sugar, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, soy, dairy products, artificial coloring, artificial flavoring and preservatives. This product contains natural ingredients; color variations are normal.
†: Daily value not established.
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Suggested Use for Liv-A-Tox |
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Three tablets daily.
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Additional Information for Liv-A-Tox |
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Introduction:
Throughout all of history, the liver has been
recognized for its important role in human health. In ancient Rome, the
physician Galen thought that the liver was the principal organ of the human
body, arguing that its large, moist nature kept the internal anatomical
structures warm. For centuries it was thought that blood was made in the liver
due to its extensive vasculature. In 1653, the English physician William Harvey
spoke of the liver as a "noble organ" in his Lectures on the Whole of
Anatomy.2
For thousands of years it was thought
that the liver and human emotions were connected. The word melancholy is
from the Greek melankholia, from melas 'black' + khole
'bile', an excess of which was believed to cause feelings of sadness. 2
However, to Berber clans living in Morocco, the liver is considered to be the
organ of romance and true love. In Berber cultures young persons in love promise
their livers, not their hearts to one another, and speak of their “livers
melting, being captured, and stolen” when they find true love.3
How Does It Work?:
The human liver is the largest internal
organ. About the size of a football, the average adult's liver weighs 3.5
pounds. The entire blood supply passes through the liver many times daily for
detoxification and filtration of wastes. Bile, a complex biochemical mixture, is
made continuously by the liver to aid in fat digestion. The liver has numerous
enzymatic pathways that where drugs, toxins, nutrients, and physiologic
byproducts are metabolized and eventually eliminated from the body. 1
The chart below provides information on each nutrient in
Liv-A-Tox.
| Ingredient |
Functional Category |
Benefit to Liver Health |
|
Vitamin A |
Bile production |
Supports healthy liver cells;
promotes immune health within liver tissues, plays role in bile production.
4-7 |
| Vitamin C |
Detoxification |
An important
antioxidant, especially in liver health.*8 Recent clinical
studies have demonstrated that within cellular structures of the liver
vitamin C supports hepatocyte (liver cell) health and supports liver
function during detoxification.* 9-11 |
| Niacin |
Metabolism |
As one of several bile acid
sequestrants, niacin is preferred due to its support of healthy triglyceride
levels that are already healthy.* 12-14A recent meta-analysis of
niacin that included a long-term outcome study of 2,248 men, found that
niacin supports healthy cholesterol production in the liver.*15 |
| Vitamin B12 |
Detoxification |
Unique among the water soluble
vitamins, B12 can be stored in the liver. Healthy vitamin B12 levels are an
indication of healthy liver function.*16-18 |
| Biotin |
Metabolism |
In addition to being a vital
cofactor to several enzymes, biotin is essential in carbohydrate metabolism
and the synthesis of fatty acids.*19 Clinical research has
demonstrated that biotin supports healthy bile production.*20-21 |
| Choline Bitartrate |
Metabolism |
Choline is necessary for the
transport of lipids.* Clinical research has demonstrated the importance of
choline to liver health.* 22-24 |
| L-Methionine |
Metabolism |
Provides support for normal fat
metabolism.* 25,26 |
| Barberry (Berberis vulgaris) and
Boldo |
Bile secretion |
Both barberry and boldo help to
increase bile flow, support liver health, and encourage overall
detoxification.* 27,28 |
| Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus)
Bark |
Bile production |
The bark of the fringe tree helps
increase the production of bile and supports healthy fluid balance and acts
as a gentle laxative.* 29 |
| Betaine HCL |
Detoxification |
Higher intakes of dietary betaine are
related to lower homocysteine concentrations independent of other
determinants, including folate and other B vitamins. Betaine has been found
to protect liver cells from toxins.*30,31 |
| Choline |
Metabolism |
Because this vitamin supports fat
metabolism in the liver and maintains healthy cholesterol levels in the
bloodstream that are already within normal limits, choline may be especially
beneficial for people who drink alcohol.*22 |
| Celandine (Chelidonium majus) Ox
Bile Extract Beet (Beta vulgaris) Root Inositol Liver (desiccated)
Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) |
Overall liver support |
This proprietary blend of
specialized nutrients provides broad support of healthy enzymatic,
metabolic, detoxification, filtration, bile production, and bile secretion.*32-36 |
References:
1. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Hepatobiliary function. In: Textbook of
Medical Physiology.11th Ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W.B. Saunders Company;
2005:673-681.
2. History of the Liver, Spleen, and Gall Bladder. Early Science Lab, Department
of the Humanities, Stanford University. Accessed on December 10, 2007. Available
at:http://www.stanford.edu/class/history13/earlysciencelab/body/liverpages/livergallbladderspleen.html
3. Courtney-Clark M . Imazighen: The Vanishing Traditions of Berber Women.
New York, NY: Clarkson Potter; 1995: 14-15.
4. Takai K, Okuno M, Yasuda I, et al. Prevention of second primary tumors by an
acyclic retinoid in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Updated analysis of
the long-term follow-up data. Intervirology. 2005;48:39-45.
5. Dragnev KH, Petty WJ, Dmitrovsky E. Retinoid targets in cancer therapy and
chemoprevention. Cancer Biol Ther. 2003;2:S150-6.
6. Drozda R, Grzegorczyk K, Rutkowski M, Smigielski J, Kolomecki K. [The
estimation of antioxidative vitamins concetrations in blood plasma of patients
with neoplasms of gallblader and biliary tract] Pol Merkur Lekarski.
2007;131:391-4.
7. Booth LA, Gilmore IT, Bilton RF. Secondary bile acid induced DNA damage in
HT29 cells: are free radicals involved? Free Radic Res. 1997;26:135-44.
8. Kojo S. Vitamin C: basic metabolism and its function as an index of oxidative
stress. Curr Med Chem. 2004;11:1041-64.
9. Harrison SA, Torgerson S, Hayashi P, Ward J, Schenker S. Vitamin E and
vitamin C treatment improves fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003;98:2485-90.
10. Gueguen S, Pirollet P, Leroy P,et al. Changes in serum retinol, alpha-tocopherol,
vitamin C, carotenoids, zinc, and selenium after micronutrient supplementation
during alcohol rehabilitation. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003;22:303-10.
11. Vojdani A, Bazargan M, Vojdani E, Wright J. New evidence for antioxidant
properties of vitamin C. Cancer Detect Prev. 2000;24:508-23.
12. Sanyal S, Karas RH, Kuvin JT. Present-day uses of niacin: effects on lipid
and non-lipid parameters. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007;8:1711-7.
13. Mandeville WH, Arbeeny C. Bile acid sequestrants: their use in combination
with other lipid-lowering agents. IDrugs. 1999;2:237-42.
14. Bloomgarden ZT. 2nd International Symposium on Triglycerides and HDL: lipid
abnormalities and their treatment. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2795-802.
15. Birjmohun RS, Hutten BA, Kastelein JJ, Stroes ES. Efficacy and safety of
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds: a meta-analysis of
randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:185-97.
16. Halifeoglu I, Gur B, Aydin S, Ozturk A. Plasma trace elements, vitamin B12,
folate, and homocysteine levels in cirrhotic patients compared to healthy
controls. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2004;69:693-6.
17. Ermens AA, Vlasveld LT, Lindemans J. Significance of elevated cobalamin
(vitamin B12) levels in blood. Clin Biochem. 2003;36:585-90.
18. Loew D, Wanitschke R, Schroedter A. Studies on vitamin B12 status in the
elderly--prophylactic and therapeutic consequences. Int J Vitam Nutr Res.
1999;69:228-33.
19. Fleming T., ed. Biotin. In: PDR® for Nutritional Supplements.
Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company; 2001: 27-28.
20. Nagamine T, Saito S, Yamada S, Arai T, Takehara K, Fukui T. Biotinidase
activity in patients with liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol.
1993;28:899-906.
21. Schulpis KH, Gavrili S, Tjamouranis J, Karikas GA, Kapiki A, Costalos C. The
effect of neonatal jaundice on biotinidase activity. Early Hum Dev.
2003;72:15-24.
22. Li Z, Vance DE. Phosphatidylcholine and choline homeostasis. J Lipid Res.
2008 Jan 19; [Epub ahead of print]
23. Chawla RK, Wolf DC, Kutner MH, Bonkovsky HL: Choline may be an essential
nutrient in malnourished patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 97:
1514–1520, 1989.
24. Savendahl L, Mar MH, Underwood L, Zeisel S: Prolonged fasting results in
diminished plasma choline concentration but does not cause liver dysfunction.
Am J Clin Nutr 66: 622–625, 1997.
25. Newberne PM, Suphiphat V, Locniskar M, de Camargo JL. Inhibition of
hepatocarcinogenesis in mice by dietary methyl donors methionine and choline.
Nutr Cancer. 1990;14(3-4):175-81.
26. Kharbanda KK. Role of transmethylation reactions in alcoholic liver disease.
World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:4947-54.
27. Arayne MS, Sultana N, Bahadur SS. The berberis story: Berberis vulgaris in
therapeutics. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2007;20:83-92.
28. Monograph. Berberine. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5:175-7.
29. Gülçin I, Elias R, Gepdiremen E, Boyer L, Koksal E. A comparative study on
the antioxidant activity of fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus L.)
extracts. Afr J Biotechnol. 2007;6:410-418.
30. Kharbanda KK, Mailliard ME, Baldwin CR, Beckenhauer HC, Sorrell MF, Tuma DJ.
Betaine attenuates alcoholic steatosis by restoring phosphatidylcholine
generation via the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase pathway. J
Hepatol. 2007;46:314-21.
31. Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Tuma DJ. Betaine, ethanol, and the liver: a
review. Alcohol. 1996;13:395-8.
32. Biswas SJ, Bhattacharjee N, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Efficacy of a plant extract (Chelidonium
majus L.) in combating induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Food Chem
Toxicol. 2007 Dec 15; [Epub ahead of print]
33. Stickel F, Schuppan D. Herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases.
Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39:293-304.
34. Gaby AR. Natural remedies for scleroderma. Altern Med Rev.
2006;11:188-95.
35. Puri BK. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the pathophysiology of
myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome). J Clin Pathol.
2007;60:122-4.
36. Doster B. Senior Vice-President Research and Development. Personal
communication. February 5, 2007.
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